Studies on Chiropractic Care

Chiropractic care reduces the need for opioids.
Emary PC, et al. Pain Rep. 2025 Dec 12;11(1):e1374.

Thoracic spine manipulation benefits neck pain.
Pan Y, et al. Frontiers in Medicine. 2026 Mar 31;13:1790614.

Cervical spine manipulation benefits chronic neck pain.
Effectiveness of Spinal Manipulation on Chronic Cervical Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología. 2024;4:621.

Spinal manipulation is associated with measurable positive changes in brain function.
Cao L, Shu J, Li B. Brain Functional Changes Following Spinal Manipulation Therapy in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review. Frontiers in Neurology. 2025;16:1712320.

Chiropractic care is not associated with an increased risk of vertebrobasilar stroke.
Cassidy JD, Boyle E, Côté P, He Y, Hogg-Johnson S, Silver FL, Bondy SJ. Risk of Vertebrobasilar Stroke and Chiropractic Care: Results of a Population-Based Case-Control and Case-Crossover Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Suppl):S176-83.

Studies In Frequency Specific Microcurrent:

DOMS (muscle soreness) study-Decreased Pain Post Exertion:
Curtis D, Fallows S, Morris M, McMakin C. "The Efficacy of Frequency Specific Microcurrent Therapy on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2010. PubMed

Neck and low back pain (adjunct to rehab):
Shetty GM, Rawat P, Sharma A. "Effect of Adjuvant Frequency-Specific Microcurrents on Pain and Disability in Patients Treated With Physical Rehabilitation for Neck and Low Back Pain." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2020;24(4):168-175.

Scleroderma / Raynaud's (hand function)-Decreased Symptoms of Scleroderma:
Gregory WM, Bagley K, Eng S, McMakin C, Del Galdo F. "Frequency Specific Microcurrent Improves Hand Function and Raynaud's Symptoms in Scleroderma: Results of Two Pilot Studies." Rheumatology. 2025 Jun 4. DOI: keaf301.

Tissue softening (mechanism paper):
McMakin CR, Oschman JL. "Visceral and Somatic Disorders: Tissue Softening With Frequency Specific Microcurrent." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2013 Feb;19(2):170-177.

Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (relevant to your EDS patients)-Decreased Beighton Score:
Perry C. "Frequency Specific Microcurrent in the Treatment of Hypermobility Spectrum." 2025.

General distress/relaxation (non-McMakin authored — independent):
Pereira MG, et al. "Effectiveness of Frequency-Specific Microcurrent (FSM) Therapy and Relaxation in Adults With Distress: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." Healthcare (Basel). 2025;13(10):1151.

Studies on Erchonia Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)

Reduced acute and chronic neck and shoulder pain following low-level laser therapy at 635nm.
Maloney R, Shanks S. Evaluation of Low-Level Laser Therapy at 635nm for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Neck and Shoulder Pain: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 2014;46(S25).

Reduced chronic neck and shoulder pain following low-level laser therapy.
Roche GC, Murphy DJ, Berry TS, Shanks S. Low-Level Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Neck and Shoulder Pain. Functional Neurology, Rehabilitation, and Ergonomics. 2016;6(2):97-104.

Reduced lower back pain following low-level laser therapy.
Berry TS, Quarneri PJ, Roche G, Sammons TM. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Low-Level Laser Device for Treating Lower Back Pain. eMedical Research. Volume 2, Article ID: 100005.

Reduced low back pain at 12-month follow-up after low-level laser therapy.
Berry TS, Quarneri PJ, Roche G, Sammons TM. Low-Level Laser Therapy for Treating Low Back Pain: 12-Month Follow-Up. Journal of Pain & Relief. 2019;9(1).

Reduced chronic plantar fasciitis pain following low-level laser therapy at 635nm.
Macias DM, Coughlin MJ, Zang K, Stevens FR, Jastifer JR, Doty JF. Low-Level Laser Therapy at 635 nm for Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study. The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery. 2015.

Reduced low back pain across two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials using red 635nm laser.
Berry TS, Quarneri PJ, Sammons TM, Shanks S. Two Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials Evaluating the Efficacy of Red 635nm Low Level Laser for the Treatment of Low Back Pain. Journal of Orthopedics and Rheumatology.